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The hash smokers are women and they do not smoke a water pipe. The painter Gaetano Previati stages hashish smoking not only as an oriental custom, but rather as a modern, Europeanized custom.
Four women, sitting on the floor, lean their heads back, their hair hidden in headscarves. They are holding home-rolled cigarettes in their hands and, in a room lined with no more than one bed and heavy, brocade-trimmed ceilings, in front of barren, plastered walls, they direct their gaze towards the sky above them behind closed eyes. A sky that the painter deliberately excludes for the viewer. The painting "The Hashish Smokers" was painted in 1887 and reflects the feeling of European decadence. A time whose thoughts, spirit and world-weariness were determined by the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche and the Poetics of the Flowers of Evil by Charles Baudelaire.
Gaetano Previati (1852-1920) felt himself to belong to the Divisionist school. In 1909 he wrote the manifesto "I principi scientifici del Divisionismo" for this group of artists. Like the pointillist Georges Seurat, the other Divisionists were of the opinion that the colour effect to be achieved in the eye of the beholder could not be achieved in advance by physically mixing the colour pigments, but was only produced by the perception of the painting as a whole. This is why the Divisionists separated their colours meticulously and believed that by asking viewers to combine colours themselves optically, they could produce the maximum possible luminosity in their works. The Hashish Smoker was exhibited in Venice in 1887. Many other works by Gaetano Previati show Christian or mythological motifs. The choice of subjects led to Previati's being assigned to the school of the Symbolists.
On the occasion of the 7th Biennale in 1907, Previati was involved in the creation of a "dream room". In Paris he was represented by the art dealer Alberto Grubicy. It was Alberto and his brother Vittore who founded the Società per l'Arte di Gaetano Previati in 1911, bought a large number of his paintings and showed them at exhibitions in Genoa (1915) and Milan (1916 and 1919). Deeply saddened by the loss of his family members, Previati died in 1920 in the town of Lavagna in Liguria, where he had previously spent long periods of recuperation. In 2020, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his death, a retrospective exhibition was dedicated to the artist, who was born in Ferrara, focusing in particular on his previously underestimated importance as an Italian futurist. Previati's works as an illustrator of narratives by Edgar Allan Poe and Alessandro Manzoni are the subject of this exhibition. Art historical research shows that, with the cycle of the trade routes, on which the artist worked at the end of his life between 1914 and 1916 for the Milan Chamber of Commerce, Previati now turned in large panels to the defining themes of emerging modernism: "The Pacific Railway" is an example of the enormous versatility of this outstanding Italian artist, whose works range from visionary historical and literary interpretations to phantasmagorical illustrations, paintings of radiant landscapes and touching depictions of icons.
The hash smokers are women and they do not smoke a water pipe. The painter Gaetano Previati stages hashish smoking not only as an oriental custom, but rather as a modern, Europeanized custom.
Four women, sitting on the floor, lean their heads back, their hair hidden in headscarves. They are holding home-rolled cigarettes in their hands and, in a room lined with no more than one bed and heavy, brocade-trimmed ceilings, in front of barren, plastered walls, they direct their gaze towards the sky above them behind closed eyes. A sky that the painter deliberately excludes for the viewer. The painting "The Hashish Smokers" was painted in 1887 and reflects the feeling of European decadence. A time whose thoughts, spirit and world-weariness were determined by the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche and the Poetics of the Flowers of Evil by Charles Baudelaire.
Gaetano Previati (1852-1920) felt himself to belong to the Divisionist school. In 1909 he wrote the manifesto "I principi scientifici del Divisionismo" for this group of artists. Like the pointillist Georges Seurat, the other Divisionists were of the opinion that the colour effect to be achieved in the eye of the beholder could not be achieved in advance by physically mixing the colour pigments, but was only produced by the perception of the painting as a whole. This is why the Divisionists separated their colours meticulously and believed that by asking viewers to combine colours themselves optically, they could produce the maximum possible luminosity in their works. The Hashish Smoker was exhibited in Venice in 1887. Many other works by Gaetano Previati show Christian or mythological motifs. The choice of subjects led to Previati's being assigned to the school of the Symbolists.
On the occasion of the 7th Biennale in 1907, Previati was involved in the creation of a "dream room". In Paris he was represented by the art dealer Alberto Grubicy. It was Alberto and his brother Vittore who founded the Società per l'Arte di Gaetano Previati in 1911, bought a large number of his paintings and showed them at exhibitions in Genoa (1915) and Milan (1916 and 1919). Deeply saddened by the loss of his family members, Previati died in 1920 in the town of Lavagna in Liguria, where he had previously spent long periods of recuperation. In 2020, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his death, a retrospective exhibition was dedicated to the artist, who was born in Ferrara, focusing in particular on his previously underestimated importance as an Italian futurist. Previati's works as an illustrator of narratives by Edgar Allan Poe and Alessandro Manzoni are the subject of this exhibition. Art historical research shows that, with the cycle of the trade routes, on which the artist worked at the end of his life between 1914 and 1916 for the Milan Chamber of Commerce, Previati now turned in large panels to the defining themes of emerging modernism: "The Pacific Railway" is an example of the enormous versatility of this outstanding Italian artist, whose works range from visionary historical and literary interpretations to phantasmagorical illustrations, paintings of radiant landscapes and touching depictions of icons.
.jpg "The Creation of Light by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The Day Awakens the Night by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The Pacific Railway by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The Day, 1907 by Gaetano Previati")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-379205).jpg "The Dance of the Hours by Gaetano Previati")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-379205).jpg)
.jpg "The Dream by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Cleopatra by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Hashish Smokers by Gaetano Previati")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1459499).jpg "The Fall of the Angels by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The Battle of Legnano: The Defense of the Carroccio by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Hashish: The Opium Smokers by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Cleopatra, 1888 by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Maternity by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The Night by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Madonna of Lilies by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Beheading of Ugo d")
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.jpg "In the Meadow, 1889-1890 by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Horrors of War by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Maternity by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The Fall of the Angels, Triptych Central Panel, 1913 by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The Battle of Legnano: The Prayer Before the Battle by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The Day by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Funeral of a Virgin by Gaetano Previati")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1459781).jpg "The Creation of Light by Gaetano Previati")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1459781).jpg)
.jpg "Paolo and Francesca by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Motherhood by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Sunset in Liguria by Gaetano Previati")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1112439).jpg "Hostages of Crema by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Maternity by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Nocturne by Gaetano Previati")
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_(oil_on_canvas)_-_(MeisterDrucke-1405542).jpg "Trento and Trieste, The Charge of the Bersaglieri (riflemen) by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Spasm by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Fall of Angels, Triptych by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Paolo and Francesca by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Japanese Lilies, 1906 by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Madonna of the Lilies by Gaetano Previati")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-697214).jpg "The Quiet, Gaetano Previati (1852–1920) by Gaetano Previati")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-697214).jpg)
.jpg "Creation of Light by Gaetano Previati")
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_oil_-_(MeisterDrucke-1109608).jpg "The Night by Gaetano Previati")
_oil_-_(MeisterDrucke-1109608).jpg)
.jpg "Renzo, Tonio, and Gervase at inn, Chapter VII, illustration by Gaetano Previati for Betrothed, historical novel by Alessandro Manzoni by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The Last Hours of Carlo Alberto, Oporto by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Dahlias by Gaetano Previati")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-697234).jpg "The Opium Smokers by Gaetano Previati")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-697234).jpg)
.jpg "Crucifixion by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Maternity by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Leda by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Mother and Child by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The Adoration of the Magi by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Sun King by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "On the Meadow by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Woman with Children in the Garden, 1896 by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Dahlias by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The Annunciation by Gaetano Previati")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-697163).jpg "Nocturne, 1908, by Gaetano Previati (1852–1920) by Gaetano Previati")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-697163).jpg)
.jpg "Funeral of a Virgin by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The artist")
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.jpg "Angels (detail) by Gaetano Previati")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-697251).jpg "Assumption by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Adoration of the Magi by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Ugo and Parisina in the Chapel of Loreto by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Ecce Homo by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Our Lady of Chrysanthemums by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Pino in Liguria by Gaetano Previati")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1112422).jpg "Assumption by Gaetano Previati")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1112422).jpg)
.jpg "Fall of Angels, triptych central panel by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Daisies by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Mount Resegone by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Fall by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Landscape by Gaetano Previati")
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_oil_on_canvas_-_(MeisterDrucke-1104004).jpg "Flowers and Butterflies by Gaetano Previati")
_oil_on_canvas_-_(MeisterDrucke-1104004).jpg)
_Detail_of_left_side_-_(MeisterDrucke-1117175).jpg "Fall of Angels (detail) by Gaetano Previati")
_Detail_of_left_side_-_(MeisterDrucke-1117175).jpg)
_final_scene_of_act_IV_of_homon_-_(MeisterDrucke-1423312).jpg "Parisina, Final Scene of Act IV of Homonymous Opera by Pietro Mascagni by Gaetano Previati")
_final_scene_of_act_IV_of_homon_-_(MeisterDrucke-1423312).jpg)
.jpg "Funeral of the Virgin by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Grass and flowers, (detail) by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Mary with Child by Gaetano Previati")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1411961).jpg "Scene by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Roses by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Mount Resegone by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Gaetano Previati by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "The Adoration of the Kings by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Putti with a Wreath, 1906–1908 by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Maternity by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Kiss by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Self-portrait by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Children on the Lawn by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Study of plague by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Woman with Children in Garden by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Maternity by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Meeting of pious women, Stations of Cross by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Peace, c.1901 by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Adoration of the Magi by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Communicants by Gaetano Previati")
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_charcoal_on_canvas_-_(MeisterDrucke-1119965).jpg "Christ among Apostles by Gaetano Previati")
_charcoal_on_canvas_-_(MeisterDrucke-1119965).jpg)
.jpg "The Assumption by Gaetano Previati")
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.jpg "Fall of Angels, Triptych Side Panel by Gaetano Previati")
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_Detail_of_right_side_-_(MeisterDrucke-1112603).jpg "Funeral of Virgin (detail) by Gaetano Previati")
_Detail_of_right_side_-_(MeisterDrucke-1112603).jpg)
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.jpg "The Chariot of the Sun or Triumph of Commerce, 1907 by Gaetano Previati")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1119966).jpg "Opium Smokers by Gaetano Previati")
.jpg "Paolo and Francesca, 1901 by Gaetano Previati")
.jpg "Paolo and Francesca by Gaetano Previati")