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John Tenniel was an English draftsman, book illustrator, humorist and political cartoonist. He was born in London and had five siblings. His father was a fencing and dancing instructor. When Tenniel was twenty years old, a tragic event occurred: he was practicing his fencing skills with his father when he suffered a serious injury to his right eye from the latter's foil, from the tip of which the protective cover had fallen off unnoticed. Over the next few years, Tenniel gradually lost all sight in this eye. He hid the severity of his injury from his father so as not to burden him further. About two years after this accident, Tenniel was admitted to the Royal Academy of Arts, but the teaching methods there did not suit him in the long term, so he mainly continued his education autodidactically. For this purpose, he often drew the ancient statues in the London museums as well as costumed actors in theaters and various animals in the zoo. These exercises helped him to develop his attention to detail. He also had a photographic memory and often drew purely from memories.
Tenniel gained notoriety as a cartoonist for "Punch" magazine. With his satirical illustrations, he influenced the political and social reforms of the time. Although he drew thousands of political cartoons (including the famous work "Dropping the Pilot," which depicts Otto von Bismarck), Tenniel is probably best known today for his illustrations of Lewis Carroll's books "Alice in Wonderland" and "Alice Behind the Mirrors." Tenniel produced a total of 92 drawings for these classics of world literature. Originally, Lewis Carroll had tried to illustrate his books himself, but he soon reached the limits of his artistic abilities. Since Carroll was an avid reader of "Punch" magazine, he was well acquainted with Tenniel's work. Before Tenniel produced the first drawings in 1865, the two men had long conversations. The illustrated issues became bestsellers and increased Tenniel's fame considerably. Nevertheless, he largely gave up illustrating books again after this particular project.
A particularly high honor was bestowed upon Tenniel at the age of 73: Queen Victoria knighted him for his special services. It was the first time this honorary title had been bestowed on an illustrator or cartoonist. Tenniel's knighthood improved the social status of black-and-white illustrators and brought new recognition to this rather lowly professional group. When Tenniel retired, he was honored with a formal banquet. On this occasion, Lord Balfour, later Prime Minister, described him as "a great artist and a great gentleman." Shortly before the outbreak of World War I, he died at the ripe old age of 93.
John Tenniel was an English draftsman, book illustrator, humorist and political cartoonist. He was born in London and had five siblings. His father was a fencing and dancing instructor. When Tenniel was twenty years old, a tragic event occurred: he was practicing his fencing skills with his father when he suffered a serious injury to his right eye from the latter's foil, from the tip of which the protective cover had fallen off unnoticed. Over the next few years, Tenniel gradually lost all sight in this eye. He hid the severity of his injury from his father so as not to burden him further. About two years after this accident, Tenniel was admitted to the Royal Academy of Arts, but the teaching methods there did not suit him in the long term, so he mainly continued his education autodidactically. For this purpose, he often drew the ancient statues in the London museums as well as costumed actors in theaters and various animals in the zoo. These exercises helped him to develop his attention to detail. He also had a photographic memory and often drew purely from memories.
Tenniel gained notoriety as a cartoonist for "Punch" magazine. With his satirical illustrations, he influenced the political and social reforms of the time. Although he drew thousands of political cartoons (including the famous work "Dropping the Pilot," which depicts Otto von Bismarck), Tenniel is probably best known today for his illustrations of Lewis Carroll's books "Alice in Wonderland" and "Alice Behind the Mirrors." Tenniel produced a total of 92 drawings for these classics of world literature. Originally, Lewis Carroll had tried to illustrate his books himself, but he soon reached the limits of his artistic abilities. Since Carroll was an avid reader of "Punch" magazine, he was well acquainted with Tenniel's work. Before Tenniel produced the first drawings in 1865, the two men had long conversations. The illustrated issues became bestsellers and increased Tenniel's fame considerably. Nevertheless, he largely gave up illustrating books again after this particular project.
A particularly high honor was bestowed upon Tenniel at the age of 73: Queen Victoria knighted him for his special services. It was the first time this honorary title had been bestowed on an illustrator or cartoonist. Tenniel's knighthood improved the social status of black-and-white illustrators and brought new recognition to this rather lowly professional group. When Tenniel retired, he was honored with a formal banquet. On this occasion, Lord Balfour, later Prime Minister, described him as "a great artist and a great gentleman." Shortly before the outbreak of World War I, he died at the ripe old age of 93.